A clothes dryer or tumble dryer (also spelled drier) is a
major household appliance that is used to remove the residual
moisture from clothing and other textiles, generally shortly
after they are cleaned in a washing or washing/drying machine.
Most dryers consist of a rotating drum through which heated
air is circulated. The hot air removes the moisture from the
fabric through evaporation. The drum is rotated relatively
slowly in order to create a tumbling effect. In most cases,
the drum is belt-driven by an induction motor. Spin dryers use
centrifugal force to extract water from clothes and are energy
efficient.
There are generally two classes of rotating dryers: electric
and gas. Both of these refer to the method used to raise the
temperature of the air flowing through the drum.
Electric dryers
The electric dryer generally uses a coiled wire that is heated
with electric current. The amount of electric current is
varied to adjust the air temperature. In the United States,
electric dryers typically have a 4-wire NEMA 14-30 plug,
rather than the 3-wire NEMA 5-15 plug used by most appliances,
and need a 30-ampere, 240-volt centertapped single-phase
circuit.
Gas dryers
The gas dryer employs a gas burner that burns natural gas,
propane, or butane to form a jet of hot gases that are
directed into a venturi chamber, which uses Bernoulli's
principle to pull in ambient air and raise its temperature.
The air temperature can be altered by adjusting the size of
the gas flame or, more commonly, by merely extinguishing it
and relighting it.
Condenser dryers
Condenser dryers are ventless and are usually electric. A heat
pump works as a dehumidifier to extract moisture. Condenser
dryers generally have smaller capacity and longer drying times
than vented dryers, due to lower operating temperatures.
Models exist which combine a washing machine and a dryer.
Spin dryers
Spin dryers use centrifugal force to extract water from
clothes. They extract more water in two minutes than a gas or
electric drum dryer can in twenty saving significant amount of
energy. However, they will not completely dry the clothes and
must be used with a conventional dryer or clothesline.
Static
Clothes dryers can cause static cling, through the
triboelectric effect.
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